Confucianism

Tradition·Founded c. 500 BCE·uncounted — a tradition more than a membership

Confucianism

Branch
Story of Confucianism

Out of food between Chen and Cai.

The party was cut off, the provisions ran out, the followers were too ill to stand. Zilu came to him angry and asked whether a gentleman also has to endure this. Confucius said that a gentleman endures it — and that the difference is that the small man, in the same position, gives way completely.

Where it is toldAnalects 15.2, and expanded everywhere afterwards
Who appearsConfucius, Zilu, the followers who were starving
What it teachesThat they were cut off between Chen and Cai with no food, the disciples were too weak to stand, and Zilu asked bitterly whether a gentleman also has to put up with this
Understanding it — context, not catechism: how this passage is held

The episode between Chen and Cai is the tradition's account of its founder at his lowest, and it is preserved rather than smoothed. Confucius and his followers, travelling between states in search of a ruler who would employ him, were cut off — later accounts say besieged — and ran out of provisions; the followers became too weak to stand. Zilu, the blunt and impulsive disciple, came to him visibly angry and asked whether the gentleman also has to endure destitution. Confucius answered that the gentleman endures destitution, and that when the small man is destitute he gives way entirely. Sima Qian and the Zhuangzi both expand the scene, and the Zhuangzi has Confucius playing his zither and singing through it. It is quoted constantly in Chinese and Korean writing about integrity under pressure, and its force comes from the fact that Confucius's political career was, by any measure he would have accepted, a failure.

The same ground, other faiths

claims that share this one's ideas
S Shiva — destroyer and regenerator. Hinduism · figure Meet them →
Ordination. Buddhism · rite Go deeper →
The soul is liberated by its own effort. Jainism · core tenet Go deeper →
A Aaron and the kohanim. Judaism · figure Meet them →
Lent — the forty days. Christianity · rite Go deeper →
The greater struggle. Islam · precept Go deeper →

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