Branch
E Figure of Epicureanism

Epicurus — the man who left money for a dinner.

His will freed slaves, provided for the children of a dead colleague, and paid for the school to keep eating together once a month. It is a strikingly institutional document for a philosophy about withdrawing from institutions.

Names & titlesEpicurus of Samos
DomainPleasure correctly understood as the absence of pain
RelationsTaught Metrodorus, Hermarchus and Leontion; left the Garden to Hermarchus by will
Depicted asBearded portrait busts, copied widely — Epicureans kept images of him in their homes
StandingWrote some three hundred rolls; three letters and forty doctrines survive intact
Understanding it — context, not catechism: how this passage is held

Epicurus was born on Samos in 341 BCE to Athenian settlers, taught in Mytilene and Lampsacus, and bought the Garden in Athens around 306. The school he built was unusual in admitting women and enslaved people as full members — Leontion wrote philosophy, and the will frees several slaves by name — which drew a steady stream of sexual innuendo from rivals who could not otherwise explain it. He suffered for years from kidney stones and wrote on his last day that the pain was balanced by the memory of past conversations. The will is the best evidence we have that the Garden was a household as much as a school.

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