Gochari — grazing for alms.
A monk walks unannounced to lay houses at midday and takes a little from several, accepting only what was already cooked for the family. Anything prepared or bought for a monk is refused outright, and forty-two enumerated faults can invalidate the food. The name means grazing, as a cow takes one mouthful from each patch and moves on.
Gochari — the word means grazing, from go, cow — is the alms round, and the rules are designed to make the mendicant an absolutely minimal burden. Monastics come unannounced, at a time when households have already eaten, and take a small quantity from several houses rather than a meal from one. They accept only food cooked for the family: anything prepared for a monk, bought for a monk, or set aside in anticipation is uddishta and must be refused, which is why families cannot lay on a meal for a visiting ascetic. Nothing may be stored, and nothing may be carried to the next day. The texts enumerate forty-two dosha, faults, that can invalidate alms — concerning how the food was obtained, given, and received — and mendicants are trained to detect them by questioning. Digambara monks take food once a day, standing, from cupped hands, in one sitting, and if the food is interrupted they stop for the day. The effect is that the ascetic is genuinely dependent and genuinely cannot be corrupted by hospitality, which is what the rules are for.
The same ground, other faiths
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