Six creations, six guardians.
The Amesha Spentas are attributes of Ahura Mazda and also persons, and each has a piece of creation in their charge: sky, water, earth, plants, cattle and humanity. Caring for those six things is therefore not stewardship in the modern environmental sense but direct service to a divine being.
The six Amesha Spentas — Bounteous Immortals — occupy a position the categories struggle with: they are aspects or emanations of Ahura Mazda and they are also addressable persons, and the tradition uses both registers without embarrassment. They are Vohu Manah, Good Purpose, who has cattle in his care; Asha Vahishta, Best Truth, with fire; Khshathra Vairya, Desirable Dominion, with metals and the sky; Spenta Armaiti, Holy Devotion, with the earth; Haurvatat, Wholeness, with water; and Ameretat, Immortality, with plants. Each of the six creations thus has a divine guardian, and the practical consequence is that caring for water or earth or animals is direct service to a divine being rather than prudence or stewardship. This is why modern Zoroastrian environmental argument is not a retrofit — the structure was always there — although the modern application is obviously new.
The same ground, other faiths
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