Keep your oaths.
Words spoken over the horn are binding; the old ethic is less commandment than reputation — courage, honesty, hospitality, and a word that holds.
The oath is the load-bearing institution of Heathen ethics because the historical culture it draws on had no state apparatus to enforce contracts — a person's word, witnessed, was the mechanism. Modern Heathenry preserves this seriously: oaths sworn at sumbel are made carefully and sparingly, and breaking one damages not only the oath-breaker but the reputation of everyone who witnessed it, which is why groups are cautious about who they let swear.
The same ground, other faiths
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