Charye is the simplified daytime rite performed at Seollal, Lunar New Year, and Chuseok, the autumn harvest festival, addressing several generations of ancestors at once rather than one individual. It is followed by seongmyo, the visit to the graves, and in autumn by beolcho, clearing the grass from them. The rite itself is brief. The observance is the journey: the annual movements around Chuseok and Seollal in Korea, and around Chinese New Year and Qingming in China, are the largest recurring migrations of human beings on the planet, with hundreds of millions of trips made in a few days and transport systems planned around them for months. This is worth noting because it locates the tradition's real cost accurately — not in belief and not in liturgy, but in the obligation to be physically present at a particular house, which industrialisation and urban migration have made expensive and which people keep paying.