Jainism

Tradition·Founded c. 550 BCE·est. ~4–5 million worldwide

Vedic Religion → Jainism

Branch
Precept of Jainism

Satya, and the harder half.

Speak the truth, and do not speak a truth that will cause harm. Where the two conflict, the classical instruction is silence rather than a lie, which the texts acknowledge is sometimes impossible and expensive. Monastics also give up speech that is merely idle, which turns out to be most of it.

What it asksSatya — say what is true, and say nothing true that will cause harm
Who it bindsEveryone; monastics also give up speech that is merely idle
Where it bitesWhere a true statement would get someone killed. The classical answer is silence rather than a lie, which is a harder position than it sounds and the texts know it
Understanding it — context, not catechism: how this passage is held

Satya is not simply not lying. The vow covers false speech, and the commentaries extend it to speech that is harsh, that betrays confidence, that spreads what one has not verified, and to false writing and false testimony. The famous hard case in the literature is the ascetic who sees a hunted animal flee and is asked by the hunter where it went: telling the truth causes death, lying breaks the vow. The classical resolution is that ahimsa is the highest vow and the others exist in service of it, and that the correct response is silence — an answer the texts themselves acknowledge is not always available, and one that has been argued about for centuries. Mahavira's own instruction on speech, in the Acharanga, is that one should speak only after considering; monastics additionally renounce vikatha, idle talk about food, politics, women and kings, which is a substantial share of ordinary conversation. The muhpatti, the cloth held or tied over the mouth by many Svetambara mendicants, is nominally about airborne organisms and functions equally as a constant physical reminder about speech.

The same ground, other faiths

claims that share this one's ideas
The Five Precepts. Buddhism Go deeper →
The hundred and eighty precepts. Taoism Go deeper →
The oath is refused, the war is refused, and so is the lawsuit. The Church of the Brethren Go deeper →
The dharma of one's station. Hinduism Go deeper →
The commandments are how the covenant is lived. Judaism · core tenet Go deeper →

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