The vernacular service.
Prayer in the language of the land beside the Hebrew — the reform that named the movement.
The vernacular service was Reform's most visible early innovation and the one that caused the most offense: prayers in German or English rather than Hebrew, organ music, mixed seating, sermons on contemporary subjects. Each of those was a deliberate argument that Judaism belonged in the surrounding society rather than apart from it. Contemporary Reform services have restored a great deal of Hebrew, which traces the movement's own trajectory precisely.
The same ground, other faiths
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