Babalawo, and the argument about iyanifa.
Father of secrets: years of apprenticeship to a named teacher, then initiation, then a working life of divination, medicine and ritual. Whether a woman may be initiated into Ifa as an iyanifa is the tradition's sharpest current dispute — established in parts of Nigeria and across many diaspora houses, and firmly rejected by conservative Nigerian and Cuban lineages.
Babalawo — father of secrets — is the title of an Ifa priest, achieved through years of apprenticeship to a named teacher followed by itefa initiation, and it constitutes a profession: babalawo divine, prescribe, prepare medicines and conduct rituals for payment. Priests of individual orisha form a separate category, and a person may be a devotee of one orisha without being a diviner at all. The live dispute is whether women may be initiated into Ifa as iyanifa. The practice is established in parts of Nigeria, particularly around Ode Remo and among some Ijebu and Ekiti lineages, and is widespread in the North American and European diaspora and in Brazil. It is rejected by many conservative Nigerian lineages and by the Cuban Lucumí establishment, which holds that Ifa passes through men and that women may hold the parallel and senior office of apetebi. The argument is conducted with reference to the corpus on both sides, and Osun's odu is the text most often deployed for inclusion.
The same ground, other faiths
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