Jakob Ammann — the elder who would not bend, and then tried to.
He split the Swiss Brethren in 1693 by demanding avoidance of the banned at the table as well as at communion, and by excommunicating the ministers who said no. In 1700 he put himself and his ministers under the ban and asked to be received back; the other side declined.
Ammann is a curiously blank figure for the founder of a people named after him. What survives is mostly the correspondence of the division itself, gathered in the Letters of the Amish Division, and it shows a man who forced a schism over a discipline he believed Menno Simons had commanded, then spent years trying to undo it. He added two practices that outlived him: feetwashing at communion, and a plain dress specified rather than merely encouraged. Amish preaching does not hold him up as an example and does not tell his story from the pulpit — an Amish person may go a lifetime without hearing a sermon about Jakob Ammann. The tradition venerates martyrs, not founders.
The same ground, other faiths
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