The guru and the lineage.
Teaching flows through sampradayas — master-to-student lines with their own initiations, texts, and monasteries.
The guru relationship is Hinduism's primary transmission mechanism and its most concentrated form of authority: the teacher gives the mantra, and in many traditions the lineage is what makes a practice valid at all. The literature is unembarrassed about the intensity of the deference, and the modern era has made the risks of that structure very visible — the guru scandals of the last fifty years are a recurring feature, not an aberration, and reform-minded Hindus argue about the model itself rather than only about individuals.
The same ground, other faiths
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