On 18 June 1983, ten Bahá'í women and girls were hanged in Chowgan Square, Shiraz, having been arrested the previous year and charged with offences amounting to teaching Bahá'í children's classes and refusing to recant. They were executed individually, each reportedly made to watch the deaths of those before her, and each offered release in exchange for a declaration converting to Islam. All ten refused. The youngest, Mona Mahmúdnizhád, was seventeen at the time of her death and had been arrested at school; her case became internationally known. Ten Bahá'í men had been executed in the same city two days earlier. The episode belongs to a broader campaign: more than two hundred Bahá'ís have been executed or killed in Iran since 1979, the entire elected National Spiritual Assembly was abducted and disappeared in August 1980, and most of the replacement assembly was executed in December 1981. The 1983 hangings are the case that entered international consciousness most fully, and they are commemorated annually.