Cynicism

Philosophy·Founded c. 400 BCE·No longer practised

Cynicism → 1 branch

Branch
D Figure of Cynicism

Diogenes of Sinope — the dog.

The nickname was an insult he kept: a dog eats in public, sleeps anywhere, has no shame and bites its friends. Asked what philosophy had given him, he said he was prepared for any fortune.

Names & titlesDiogenes of Sinope; ho kyon, the dog
DomainShamelessness as method
RelationsTaught Crates of Thebes, who taught Zeno of Citium
Depicted asA bearded man with staff and wallet beside a large jar, sometimes with a lamp in daylight
StandingWrote dialogues and tragedies, all lost; survives entirely as anecdote
Understanding it — context, not catechism: how this passage is held

Almost nothing about Diogenes can be verified and the anecdotes contradict each other, which is itself the point: the school transmitted a way of behaving rather than a set of propositions, so the stories are the doctrine. The lamp in daylight, the jar in the Metroon, the plucked chicken produced in Plato's classroom to answer the definition of man as a featherless biped — these are teaching devices preserved because there was nothing else to preserve. Institutionally he matters for one link: Crates was his pupil and Zeno of Citium was Crates's. That is how a school which owned nothing became the ancestor of the most establishment philosophy in Rome.

From the sources — the passages this rests on; concise renderings, cited

He was the first, say some, to fold his cloak because he was obliged to sleep in it as well, and he carried a wallet to hold his victuals, and he used any place for any purpose, for breakfasting, sleeping, or conversing.

Diogenes Laertius, Lives of the Eminent Philosophers VI.22, R. D. Hicks translation

The doubled cloak, wallet and staff became the recognisable kit of a Cynic and later of the wandering Christian ascetic.

The same ground, other faiths

claims that share this one's ideas
The rocket theorist came to the library. Russian Cosmism · story Read it in full →
The self is reborn until liberation. Hinduism · core tenet Go deeper →
Suffering has a cause, and therefore an end. Buddhism · core tenet Go deeper →
The soul is liberated by its own effort. Jainism · core tenet Go deeper →

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