Meenakshi Temple gopuram, Madurai · Vyacheslav Argenberg · CC BY 4.0
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Hinduism

Tradition·Founding date unrecorded·est. ~1.2 billion worldwide

Vedic Religion → Hinduism → 8 branches

Branch
Scripture of Hinduism

The Yoga Sutras.

Patanjali defines yoga in his second line as the stilling of the mind's movements, and spends the rest on concentration, ethics and the strange powers that arrive on the way. Posture gets three aphorisms out of 196.

LanguageSanskrit
Composedc. 350–450 CE
What it holds196 terse aphorisms in four chapters; eight limbs, of which posture is one
How it is usedThe reference text of global yoga, and largely unread by it
Understanding it — context, not catechism: how this passage is held

Patanjali's text is short, dry, and mostly about the mind. The eight limbs are ethical restraints, observances, posture, breath control, withdrawal of the senses, concentration, meditation, and absorption — and asana, the one that global yoga is built on, receives three sutras which say roughly that the seat should be steady and comfortable. The third chapter is largely a catalogue of siddhis, the powers said to arise from deep concentration: knowledge of past lives, invisibility, entering another body. Patanjali treats them as obstacles. Scholars of modern yoga have documented how much of contemporary postural practice descends from twentieth-century Mysore gymnastics and European physical culture rather than from this text, and the Yoga Sutras were themselves fairly obscure in India until Vivekananda and later Western enthusiasts elevated them. The philosophical framework is Samkhya's dualism of consciousness and matter, which sits awkwardly with the Vedanta most Hindus have absorbed, and the sutras' God is optional — a useful object of contemplation rather than a creator.

From the sources — the passages this rests on; concise renderings, cited

Yoga is the stilling of the turnings of the mind.

Patanjali, Yoga Sutra 1.2 (rendered)

The second line of the text, and the definition global yoga does not use.

The same ground, other faiths

claims that share this one's ideas
Vassa — the rains retreat. Buddhism · rite Go deeper →
Samayika — forty-eight minutes as a monk. Jainism · rite Go deeper →
Amrit vela — the hours before dawn. Sikhism · rite Go deeper →
Ascetic discipline liberates. Shaivism · core tenet Go deeper →
The four who went into the orchard. Judaism · story Read it in full →

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