The Hijra.
The migration to Medina — persecution turned into a polity, and year one of the calendar.
The Hijra is the emigration to Medina in 622, and the Islamic calendar starts from it rather than from the Prophet's birth or the first revelation — a choice worth noticing, since it dates the era from the founding of a community rather than from a private event. In Medina Muhammad became a head of state as well as a prophet, and the Constitution of Medina that followed is often cited as an early charter binding Muslim, Jewish, and pagan clans into one polity with defined obligations.
The same ground, other faiths
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