Jainism

Tradition·Founded c. 550 BCE·est. ~4–5 million worldwide

Vedic Religion → Jainism

Branch
Core tenet of Jainism⚖ contested within

Whether a woman can be liberated from a woman's body.

Svetambaras say yes and hold that the nineteenth Tirthankara, Malli, was a woman. Digambaras say no — liberation requires complete nudity, nudity is not possible for a woman, and a female soul must be reborn male first. This is the sharpest doctrinal division in Jainism and it has never been resolved.

Understanding it — context, not catechism: how this passage is held

Stri-mukti, the liberation of women, is the sharpest doctrinal division in Jainism and the two answers are genuinely incompatible. The Digambara position is that liberation requires the complete abandonment of possessions including clothing, that public nudity is not practicable or permissible for a woman, and further that a female body is constitutionally incapable of the requisite purity; a woman must therefore be reborn as a man first. The Svetambara position is that a woman can attain liberation from a female body, and the tradition's proof text is the nineteenth Tirthankara Malli, who in Svetambara accounts was a woman — Digambara accounts have Mallinatha as male, which is not a small variance in a list of twenty-four. The literature on this ran for centuries, with dedicated treatises on both sides. The practical consequences persist: Digambara nuns are technically laywomen of an advanced grade rather than full mendicants, since they wear white and cannot be sky-clad, while Svetambara nuns are full mendicants and dramatically outnumber the monks. Modern Jain feminist scholarship has made this a live issue rather than an antique one.

The same ground, other faiths

claims that share this one's ideas
The self is reborn until liberation. Hinduism Go deeper →
Every human bears the image of God. Judaism Go deeper →
The good Samaritan. Christianity · story Read it in full →
The farewell sermon. Islam · story Read it in full →
All human beings are equal. Sikhism Go deeper →

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