The Bhaktamara Stotra is forty-eight Sanskrit verses in praise of Rishabhanatha, attributed to Manatunga, usually dated to around the seventh century. The traditional account is that Manatunga was imprisoned in forty-eight chains by a king who wanted a demonstration of Jain power, and that as he composed each verse a chain broke. Each verse subsequently acquired an associated mantra and yantra and a specific efficacy — for illness, for legal trouble, for childbirth, for fear — and the text is used both devotionally and, frankly, magically, which sits oddly with the doctrine that the Tirthankaras cannot respond. Its reach is what makes it notable: it is recited daily by Digambaras and Svetambaras alike, including in traditions that reject image worship entirely, and it is set to music, printed on wall hangings, and learned by heart by children. In a religion split by canon, iconography and the liberation of women, it is close to the only devotional text everyone shares.