The monothelite question is the one genuinely contested point in Maronite history. Monothelitism — one will in Christ — was a seventh-century imperial compromise condemned at the Third Council of Constantinople in 681. Byzantine and Latin sources, including William of Tyre writing in the 1180s, describe the Maronites as having held it and then abandoned it; Maronite scholarship argues the sources are hostile, confused, or repeating each other, and that no Maronite text ever taught it. The church's isolation in the mountains between the seventh and twelfth centuries means the record is thin either way. What is not in question is that from the Crusader period onward the communion is documented continuously, that the Maronite College in Rome was founded in 1584, and that the church has no separated Orthodox counterpart to argue the other side.