Harmandir Sahib, Amritsar · Bernard Gagnon · CC BY-SA 4.0

Sikhism

Tradition·Founded 1499 CE·est. ~26 million worldwide

Sikhism → 1 branch

Branch
Story of Sikhism

Banda Singh Bahadur.

Sent from Nanded with five arrows and a warrant, he took Sirhind in 1710, abolished the landlord system, and struck coin in the name of the Gurus. He was captured, paraded to Delhi in an iron cage with seven hundred men, and executed after watching them killed at a hundred a day.

Where it is toldSikh chronicle — Sirhind 1710, Delhi 1716
Who appearsBanda Singh Bahadur, the peasants of Punjab, the Mughal state
What it teachesThe first Sikh state abolished landlordism and lasted six years
Understanding it — context, not catechism: how this passage is held

Banda Singh Bahadur is the figure the tradition finds hardest to place. A Rajput ascetic named Madho Das, he was sent from Nanded in 1708 by Guru Gobind Singh with a handful of Sikhs and a commission; within two years he had taken Sirhind, executed the governor who killed the Sahibzade, abolished the zamindari system across the territory he held and given land to those who worked it, and struck coin and a seal in the name of Nanak and Gobind Singh. He was captured in 1715, taken to Delhi in an iron cage, and executed in 1716 after his men were killed at a rate of about a hundred a day and his young son was killed in front of him. Sikhs are divided about him even now — whether he was a governor or a rebel, whether he introduced innovations the Khalsa rejected, whether the Tat Khalsa and Bandai Khalsa split that followed was doctrinal or factional. He is honoured, and he is argued about.

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