The Rhon Bruderhof was raided and dissolved by the Gestapo on 14 April 1937; members were given hours to leave and three were briefly imprisoned. The community regrouped at the Cotswold Bruderhof in England, then found that a community of German-speaking pacifists in wartime Britain faced internment, and in late 1940 and 1941 emigrated to Paraguay, one of the few countries that would take them and exempt them from military service. Primavera in the Paraguayan Chaco lasted twenty years, ran a hospital that served the surrounding region, and buried many of its own children. Communities in the United States began in 1954 at Woodcrest in New York, and Primavera was closed in 1961. The movement tells this history openly and it is central to how it understands itself.