Hell is where Christianity's internal disagreement has widened fastest in living memory. The traditional Western picture — conscious, unending punishment — was near-universal from Augustine to the nineteenth century and is still the official teaching of Rome, Orthodoxy and most conservative Protestantism, though Orthodox writers increasingly describe it as the experience of God's unveiled love by someone who does not want it, rather than as a separate place of torture. Annihilationism, or conditional immortality, holds that the lost are destroyed rather than tormented, and now has serious evangelical defenders. Universal restoration, apokatastasis, was held openly by Gregory of Nyssa, who was never condemned for it, and in a form attributed to Origen was anathematised in 553; David Bentley Hart's 2019 defence of it made the argument mainstream enough to be shouted about. What has actually changed is the preaching. Hell was a staple of the sermon for a millennium and a half and is now nearly absent from Western pulpits of every stripe, which is a bigger shift than any doctrinal statement.