The wedding.
In the Byzantine rite there are no vows at all — the crowning does the work, and the priest leads the couple three times around the table in the dance of Isaiah. The Western churches built the whole rite on spoken consent, which is why coercion voids a marriage in canon law.
The Orthodox wedding has no vows in it. The crowns — metal in Greek practice, flowers in Slavic — are held or placed over both heads, and the couple is led three times around the table while the choir sings the hymn of Isaiah, the same circling used in ordination and in monastic tonsure, marking a change of state rather than an agreement. Because Western canon law built everything on consent, coercion voids a Catholic marriage outright, and the annulment tribunal exists to determine whether consent was real. The Orthodox churches permit a second and a third marriage after divorce or widowhood but use a penitential form for them, with different prayers and no crowning; a fourth is not permitted. Dowry, bride price, family negotiation and the state registry sit alongside all of this in most of the world, and the church rite is often not the legally binding one.
The same ground, other faiths
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