Leningrad Codex carpet page, 1010 CE · public domain

Judaism

Tradition·Founded c. 1000 BCE·est. ~15 million worldwide

Judaism → 8 branches

Branch
Precept of Judaism

Show up — for the sick, the stranger, the mourner.

These are the acts the Mishnah says have no fixed measure and whose interest is collected in this world. A community with no burial society and no rota for visiting the sick is, by this standard, not a community.

What it asksVisit the sick, take in guests, bury the dead, comfort the mourner, help a couple marry
Who it bindsEveryone. Acts of loving-kindness outrank charity in the rabbinic ranking because they cost a body rather than money
Where it bitesThe tradition legislates the details — do not visit in the first or last three hours of the day, do not speak first to a mourner, sit lower than they do
Understanding it — context, not catechism: how this passage is held

Gemilut chasadim is the category Judaism ranks above charity, on the stated grounds that money can be given by anyone and presence cannot, that it applies to rich and poor alike, and that it can be done for the dead as well as the living. The list is specific and the law is specific about how to do it: visiting the sick removes a sixtieth of the illness, but not in the first three hours of the day when the patient looks better than they are, nor in the last three when they look worse; a visitor sits low, not above the bed. A mourner is not greeted and is not spoken to first — the visitor waits to be addressed, which comes from Job's friends sitting seven days in silence before they ruined it by talking. Accompanying a body to burial takes precedence over Torah study. In practice this is what a Jewish community mostly is: a burial society, a rota of meals for the bereaved and the newly delivered, a free-loan fund, and people who turn up.

From the sources — the passages this rests on; concise renderings, cited

These are the things that have no fixed measure: the corner of the field, the first fruits, the pilgrimage offering, acts of loving-kindness, and the study of Torah.

Mishnah Peah 1:1 (rendered)

Said every morning in the daily liturgy, before anything else.

The same ground, other faiths

claims that share this one's ideas
The hungry tigress. Buddhism · story Read it in full →
The four gifts. Jainism Go deeper →
Love of God and neighbor is the whole law. Christianity · core tenet Go deeper →
Sarbat da bhala — the good of all. Sikhism Go deeper →
Feed whoever arrives. Yoruba Religion Go deeper →
Ahimsa — do no harm. Hinduism Go deeper →

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