The Torah is binding as given.
Written and oral law hold; halakha does not renegotiate with the age.
Orthodoxy's defining commitment is Torah min haShamayim — that the written and oral Torah are divine in origin and therefore not subject to revision by human judgment. Halakha develops through interpretation by qualified authorities, but the corpus itself is not negotiable. The label is modern and reactive: there was no "Orthodox" Judaism before there were movements to be orthodox against, and the term covers a wide range from Modern Orthodoxy to Haredi communities that disagree sharply with each other.
The same ground, other faiths
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