Leningrad Codex carpet page, 1010 CE · public domain

Judaism

Tradition·Founded c. 1000 BCE·est. ~15 million worldwide

Judaism → 8 branches

Branch
M Figure of Judaism

Maimonides — the Rambam.

He compressed the entire law into fourteen books, including the laws of sacrifice and the Temple that had no application, because he wrote for a world that would be restored. The thirteen principles he set out are sung at the end of Friday night services by people who would not have passed his examination.

Names & titlesMoshe ben Maimon — Rambam; Musa ibn Maymun
DomainLaw, philosophy and medicine; court physician in Cairo under Saladin's successors
RelationsWrote the Mishneh Torah in Hebrew for everyone and the Guide for the Perplexed in Judeo-Arabic for the few
Depicted asA profile invented in the nineteenth century and printed on Israeli banknotes; nothing older survives
StandingOn his tomb in Tiberias: from Moses to Moses none arose like Moses. His books were burned by other Jews within forty years of his death
Understanding it — context, not catechism: how this passage is held

Maimonides is the most influential Jew since the biblical period and was condemned by other Jews within his own century. Working as a physician in Cairo, he produced the Mishneh Torah, the only complete code of Jewish law ever written by one person, in clear Hebrew and without citing a single source — a decision meant to let an ordinary person look up the law and stop, and one that infuriated the scholarly establishment, who read it as an attempt to make the Talmud unnecessary. The Guide for the Perplexed, written in Judeo-Arabic for readers caught between Aristotle and scripture, argues that God has no attributes that can be positively stated and that prophecy is a natural human perfection. Both books were burned by Jews in Provence in the 1230s at the height of the Maimonidean controversy. Yemenite Jews preserved his code as living law and his manuscripts as the best surviving texts; Ashkenazi Judaism absorbed his conclusions and largely ignored his philosophy. His thirteen principles, versified as Yigdal, are sung by congregations who have never asked what they commit to.

The same ground, other faiths

claims that share this one's ideas
Nahj al-Balagha. Islam · scripture Open the book →
The Torah is binding as given. Orthodox Judaism · core tenet Go deeper →
Command, example, necessary inference. The Restoration Movement (Churches of Christ) · scripture Open the book →
The instrument is a matter of expedience; the pattern is not. The Christian Churches and Churches of Christ · core tenet Go deeper →
The Sabbath, from Friday sunset. The Branch Davidians · rite Go deeper →
A Bible printed by a state, and a land law written like scripture. The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom · scripture Open the book →

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