Zhang Daoling, the first Celestial Master.
In 142 he received a covenant from Lord Lao appointing him to administer the spirits, and organised his followers into twenty-four parishes with registers, confession and a levy of five pecks of rice. His descendants have held the office for sixty-four claimed generations and the line moved to Taiwan in 1949.
Zhang Daoling is where Taoism becomes an institution rather than a body of texts. In 142 CE, on Heming Mountain in Sichuan, he received what the tradition calls the covenant of Orthodox Unity from Lord Lao, commissioning him to govern the spirit world and to abolish the blood sacrifices that local cults extracted from villages. He organised his followers into twenty-four parishes with a registered membership, a system of confession for the sick, and a levy of five pecks of rice, which is the movement's other name. The office passed to his son and grandson and thereafter by descent; the current claim is to sixty-four generations, which would make it one of the longest continuous hereditary offices anywhere. The seat was at Mount Longhu in Jiangxi. The 63rd Celestial Master left for Taiwan in 1949, and the succession has been contested since his death in 1969.
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