Bible colleges instead of seminaries.
Cincinnati, Johnson, Ozark, Lincoln, Milligan: an entire network of undergraduate ministry colleges built from the 1920s onward, because the existing seminaries were held to be the source of the problem. They remain the movement's spine and its main instrument of continuity.
The Bible college is the movement's characteristic institution and its answer to the seminary. Cincinnati Christian University, Johnson University, Ozark Christian College, Lincoln Christian University, Milligan and others train preachers at undergraduate level with a heavy load of biblical languages and text, on the theory that the trouble came from graduate schools of theology. The colleges also carry the movement's continuity: because there is no ordaining body, a preacher's credential is effectively his college and the congregation that calls him. Several of these institutions have closed or merged since 2010 under the same financial pressures affecting small American colleges generally, which for a movement with no other structure is a more serious problem than it would be elsewhere.
The same ground, other faiths
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