Book of Kells, Chi Rho folio, c. 800 · public domain

Christianity

Tradition·Founded 30 CE·est. ~2.4 billion worldwide

Judaism → Christianity → 11 branches

Branch
Rite of Christianity

Christmas.

Fixed in the West to 25 December by the fourth century; kept on 7 January by churches still on the Julian calendar, which is why Ethiopian Gena and Russian Rozhdestvo fall after the Western new year. In Lalibela the night is spent standing in rock-cut churches carved in the twelfth century.

⏱ annual — 25 December, or 7 January on the older calendar◌ everyone, including people who come only for this
What happensA vigil or midnight service, the nativity story read, carols, and in Ethiopia the all-night Gena service at Lalibela
What it needsAlmost nothing liturgically; culturally, an enormous amount
What it aims atTo mark that the tradition claims God took a body
Understanding it — context, not catechism: how this rite is held

The date is a settlement, not a memory: no gospel gives one, and 25 December appears in Roman sources in the fourth century, close enough to the solstice and to Sol Invictus that the borrowing has been argued about ever since. The churches that never adopted the Gregorian calendar keep the same feast thirteen days later, which is why Ethiopian Gena, Coptic Christmas and Russian Rozhdestvo fall on 7 January. Ethiopian Gena is preceded by the forty-three-day Fast of the Prophets, Tsome Nebiyat, and celebrated most famously at Lalibela, where pilgrims spend the night standing in eleven churches cut downward out of solid rock in the twelfth century. The commercial Christmas is a nineteenth-century Anglo-American construction, and much of the world's Christian population regards it as somebody else's holiday attached to their feast.

The same ground, other faiths

rites that share this one's ideas
Ritual sustains the order of the world. Vedic Religion · core tenet Go deeper →
Vesak. Buddhism Go deeper →
Paryushana. Jainism Go deeper →
The commandments are how the covenant is lived. Judaism · core tenet Go deeper →
Salat — the five daily prayers. Islam Go deeper →

The conversation

argument stays attached to the rite it is about All discussion →

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