Confucianism

Tradition·Founded c. 500 BCE·uncounted — a tradition more than a membership

Confucianism

Branch
Scripture of Confucianism

The Yijing.

A Zhou divination manual with a philosophical commentary attached centuries later, which converted a book about casting lots into a book about change. It is shared with Taoism and with everyone else in the Chinese world. Confucius is said to have worn out the leather cords binding his copy three times.

LanguageClassical Chinese, sixty-four hexagrams with appended commentary
ComposedDivination core Western Zhou; the Ten Wings appended by the Han
What it holdsA divination manual with a philosophical commentary bolted on, which turned it into a book about change itself
How it is usedShared with Taoism and with everyone else. Confucius is said to have worn out the binding cords three times, and to have wished for fifty more years to study it
Understanding it — context, not catechism: how this passage is held

The Yijing has two layers. The older is a Western Zhou divination manual: sixty-four hexagrams of six broken or unbroken lines each, with terse and often cryptic judgments and line statements, consulted by manipulating yarrow stalks or, later, tossing coins. The younger is the Ten Wings, a set of commentaries appended by the Han and traditionally though not credibly attributed to Confucius, which reinterpret the whole as a systematic account of change, correlating the hexagrams with cosmic process, moral development and social order. That second layer is what made it a philosophical classic rather than a fortune-telling book, and it became shared property across the Chinese intellectual world — Taoists, Confucians and later Buddhists all worked with it, and Zhu Xi wrote extensively on it. Analects 7.17 has Confucius saying that with fifty more years to study the Yi he might be free of major faults, and tradition holds he wore out the leather binding cords of his copy three times.

The same ground, other faiths

claims that share this one's ideas
The Rigveda. Vedic Religion Open the book →
The Vedas & Upanishads. Hinduism Open the book →
The Pali Canon. Buddhism Open the book →
The Agamas. Jainism Open the book →
Argument, for the sake of heaven, is sacred. Judaism · core tenet Go deeper →
The Bible. Christianity Open the book →

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