Jumu'ah — the Friday assembly.
The week's one obligatory congregation: commerce pauses, the khutbah is preached, and shoulder meets shoulder in lines that ignore rank.
Jumu'ah replaces the Friday midday prayer, is obligatory for adult men and optional for women, and cannot be performed alone — the congregation is constitutive. The khutbah before it is a formal sermon with legal requirements about its content, and historically the ruler's name mentioned in it was a public statement of who held legitimate authority, which made the Friday pulpit a political instrument as much as a religious one. Friday is not a Sabbath in the Jewish sense: work resumes after the prayer.
The same ground, other faiths
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