Harmandir Sahib, Amritsar · Bernard Gagnon · CC BY-SA 4.0

Sikhism

Tradition·Founded 1499 CE·est. ~26 million worldwide

Sikhism → 1 branch

Branch
Community of Sikhism

The orders inside the Panth.

Nihangs in blue with towering turbans, keeping their own rehat and their own calendar; Namdharis, who hold that the Guruship continued in human form and are therefore outside the mainstream definition; Nirankaris; the Akhand Kirtani Jatha; Damdami Taksal; the Sevapanthis descended from Bhai Kanhaiya; and the mostly-white 3HO converts of the American diaspora. They disagree about the Dasam Granth, about meat, about who may lead, and about each other.

How you joinEach has its own initiation, its own rehat, and its own reading of the same scripture
Who leadsNihang chiefs, sant lineages, dera heads, jatha coordinators
The unitNihang, Namdhari, Nirankari, Akhand Kirtani Jatha, Damdami Taksal, Sevapanthi, 3HO, and the Ravidassia who left
Understanding it — context, not catechism: how this passage is held

The Panth contains more internal variety than its self-description admits. Nihangs are the standing armed order in blue with towering dumallas, their own rehat, their own calendar and their own contested practices including cannabis preparation. Namdharis hold that the line of human Gurus did not end in 1708 and follow a living guru, which places them outside the Rehat Maryada's definition of a Sikh; the Sant Nirankaris are a separate movement whose violent clash with Sikh protesters at Amritsar in 1978 is one of the starting points of the Punjab conflict. The Akhand Kirtani Jatha keeps strict vegetarianism and a distinctive turban style for women. Damdami Taksal is the seminary lineage most associated with Jarnail Singh Bhindranwale. Sevapanthis trace to Bhai Kanhaiya and specialise in service. 3HO, founded by Yogi Bhajan in the United States in 1969, produced a largely white convert community whose practices — kundalini yoga, a distinct dress — many Punjabi Sikhs never accepted, and whose founder was the subject of extensive abuse allegations documented in an independent report in 2020. And in 2010 the Ravidassia declared themselves a separate religion. These are not footnotes; they are how the Panth actually exists.

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