Roughly two million Sikhs live outside India, in one of the oldest and most institutionally organised religious diasporas of its size: Britain has around half a million, Canada nearly as many with Sikhs disproportionately represented in federal politics, and there are substantial communities in the United States, Malaysia, Italy, East Africa and Australia. The gurdwara is always the first institution built — Stockton California in 1912, London in 1911, a chain across British Columbia and along the Malayan railways — and it does far more than worship: Punjabi classes, elder care, funeral logistics, immigration advice, and the langar that fed NHS workers and delivery drivers through the pandemic. It is also where homeland politics lands. Committee elections turn on Punjab factions, and the question of Khalistan is argued far more openly abroad than in Punjab, which has made diaspora Sikhs a subject of Indian state attention — the killing of Hardeep Singh Nijjar in British Columbia in 2023 and the Canadian government's public attribution of it to Indian agents produced a diplomatic rupture and remains before the courts. Younger diaspora Sikhs describe a double bind: read as a security question abroad, and as insufficiently Punjabi at home.