The Gathas are addressed to hearers as agents. Yasna 30 sets out two primal spirits who chose, describes them as better and bad in thought, word and act, and then tells the audience to choose rightly between them — and Yasna 31 asks Ahura Mazda directly for instruction so that people may choose knowingly. There is no predestination, no inherited sin, no fallen nature and no requirement for external rescue: a person's account is theirs, and the judgment at the bridge is arithmetic on thoughts, words and deeds. The corollary is that children are not accountable until initiation, which is why navjote matters so much. The tradition also has no doctrine of vicarious atonement — nobody else can pay for what you did — although later practice includes prayers and ceremonies performed on behalf of the dead, which sits somewhat awkwardly with the Gathic position and which reformists have noticed.