Joining: refuge — or robes.
A layperson joins by taking the three refuges; a monastic by ordination. Both doors swing both ways in most of the tradition.
You become Buddhist by taking refuge in the Buddha, the dharma, and the sangha — three sentences said in front of a teacher, with no baptism, no examination, and no register. That is the whole gate, and it explains why Buddhist populations are so hard to count: taking refuge is compatible in practice with continuing to visit a Shinto shrine or a Taoist temple, and across East Asia most people do. Ordination is the second, far higher threshold, and it is the one the tradition polices carefully.
The same ground, other faiths
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