Borobudur at sunrise · Justine Hong · CC BY 2.0

Buddhism

Tradition·Founded c. 480 BCE·est. ~500 million worldwide

Vedic Religion → Buddhism → 3 branches

Branch
Story of Buddhism

The poisoned arrow.

Malunkyaputta threatened to quit the order unless the Buddha settled whether the universe is eternal and what happens to an awakened being after death. The answer was a scenario: a man shot with a poisoned arrow who refuses treatment until he is told the archer's caste, name, height, the wood of the shaft and the bird the feathers came from. He dies uninformed. Some questions are not answered because answering them is not the job.

Where it is toldThe Cula-Malunkyovada Sutta
Who appearsMalunkyaputta, a monk with metaphysical questions; the Buddha, refusing them
What it teachesThe questions that do not lead to the end of suffering are not answered — on purpose
Understanding it — context, not catechism: how this passage is held

The poisoned arrow is the clearest statement of Buddhist method there is. The unanswered questions — whether the cosmos is eternal, whether it is finite, whether an awakened being exists after death — are set aside not because they are unanswerable in principle but because the answers do not remove the arrow. The Buddha lists what he does teach immediately afterward: suffering, its origin, its cessation, and the way. It is also the passage most often used to argue that Buddhism is compatible with any cosmology, which is a slightly larger claim than the text is making.

The same ground, other faiths

claims that share this one's ideas
The self is reborn until liberation. Hinduism · core tenet Go deeper →
Truth has many sides. Jainism · core tenet Go deeper →
The movements. Judaism · community Go deeper →
The kingdom has arrived and has not arrived. Christianity · core tenet Go deeper →
The People of the Book are not idolaters. Islam · core tenet Go deeper →
Liberation happens while you are alive. Sikhism · core tenet Go deeper →

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