This is the doctrine that most divides Christianity from every other tradition on the tree, and it also divides Christianity internally. Augustine, reading Paul in a Latin translation, concluded that all humanity sinned in Adam and inherits both the guilt and the corruption; the whole Western argument about grace, predestination and infant baptism runs downstream of that. The Greek and Oriental churches never accepted the inherited-guilt half. Their term is ancestral sin: what is passed down is mortality and the disordered appetites that come with fearing death, not culpability for someone else's act, and a newborn is innocent. Pelagius argued in the fifth century that people are born neutral and can choose well without special help; he lost, and the church has kept his name as a label for the error ever since. Modern Christians in every branch tend to hold something looser than any of these positions and to be surprised when they discover which one their church officially teaches.