Borobudur at sunrise · Justine Hong · CC BY 2.0

Buddhism

Tradition·Founded c. 480 BCE·est. ~500 million worldwide

Vedic Religion → Buddhism → 3 branches

Branch
A Figure of Buddhism

Amitabha — the buddha of infinite light.

A vow with a loophole in it: call his name in sincerity and be reborn in his pure land, where awakening is easy. The move that made Buddhism available to people with no time to meditate.

Names & titlesAmitabha — Amida, Amituofo, Öpame
DomainInfinite light and infinite life; lord of the Pure Land
RelationsAvalokiteshvara and Mahasthamaprapta attend him; Guanyin is his compassion at work in the world
Depicted asRed, hands in meditation — or descending on a cloud to collect the dying
StandingDevotionally the largest figure in Buddhism; his name is said hundreds of millions of times a day
Understanding it — context, not catechism: how this passage is held

Amitabha is the answer to a question the early path could not solve: what about everyone else? Pure Land Buddhism holds that this age is too degenerate and most people too busy for the monastic route, and that Amitabha's vow — that anyone who calls on him will be reborn in his land, where conditions for awakening are perfect — is the vehicle that remains. Practice reduces to the nembutsu, saying the name. Shinran, in thirteenth-century Japan, pushed it to its limit: even the calling is Amitabha's doing, not yours, and the person who thinks their recitation earned it has misunderstood. In sheer numbers this is the largest form of Buddhism in the world, and it looks almost nothing like the meditation-and-emptiness version the West imported.

From the sources — the passages this rests on; concise renderings, cited

If, when I attain buddhahood, beings who call my name even ten times are not born in my land, may I not attain perfect awakening.

The eighteenth vow, Larger Sukhavativyuha Sutra (rendered)

The vow the whole Pure Land tradition rests on.

The same ground, other faiths

claims that share this one's ideas
The pillar splits. Hinduism · story Read it in full →
The peace that passes understanding. Christianity · the interior Go deeper →
Grace decides. Effort only puts you in its way. Sikhism · core tenet Go deeper →
T The yakshis. Jainism Meet them →
Mercy outruns wrath. Islam · core tenet Go deeper →

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