Book of Kells, Chi Rho folio, c. 800 · public domain

Christianity

Tradition·Founded 30 CE·est. ~2.4 billion worldwide

Judaism → Christianity → 11 branches

Branch
Scripture of Christianity

The gospels that did not make it.

Thomas, Philip, Mary, Judas, and a set of infancy gospels in which the child Jesus kills a playmate and then relents. Fifty-two Coptic texts came out of a jar near Nag Hammadi in 1945. The church excluded them, mostly early and mostly without a vote.

LanguageGreek and Coptic
ComposedSecond to fourth century; a Coptic library of them was dug out of a jar at Nag Hammadi in 1945
What it holdsThomas, Philip, Mary, Judas, and the infancy gospels with their unnerving child Jesus
How it is usedRead in no church anywhere. Their existence is the reason a canon had to be argued about at all
Understanding it — context, not catechism: how this passage is held

The rejected texts are more interesting for what their rejection reveals than for what they say. Most were not voted down at a council; they simply failed to be read in churches, which was the practical test. The Gospel of Thomas, a sayings collection found at Nag Hammadi in 1945, contains material with genuine claim to be early and other material that is plainly Gnostic. The Gospel of Mary gives Mary Magdalene teaching the male disciples and Peter objecting. The Gospel of Judas, published in 2006, recasts the betrayal as an instruction. The infancy gospels are the strangest: the child Jesus of the Infancy Gospel of Thomas strikes a boy dead for bumping into him. The criteria the church actually used were roughly apostolic origin, wide use, and consistency with what was already taught, and the third one is circular in a way the honest accounts admit. What can be said is that the process was slower, messier and less centralised than either the pious version or the conspiracy version suggests.

The same ground, other faiths

claims that share this one's ideas
The councils. Buddhism · community Go deeper →
Argument, for the sake of heaven, is sacred. Judaism · core tenet Go deeper →
Tafsir. Islam Open the book →
Gurmatta — the Panth decides. Sikhism · community Go deeper →
Scripture, tradition, and reason. Anglicanism · core tenet Go deeper →
The umma of scholars. Sunni Islam · community Go deeper →

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