Book of Kells, Chi Rho folio, c. 800 · public domain

Christianity

Tradition·Founded 30 CE·est. ~2.4 billion worldwide

Judaism → Christianity → 11 branches

Branch
J Figure of Christianity

John the Forerunner.

Ate locusts, wore hair, told a king what he thought of his marriage, and lost his head for it. The East gives him the honour it gives nobody else but Mary, and he stands to Christ's left on every iconostasis in the world.

Names & titlesJohn — the Baptist in the West, the Forerunner in the East
DomainPreparing the way; the last prophet of the old order
RelationsKinsman of Jesus; baptised him; beheaded by Herod Antipas for saying the marriage was unlawful
Depicted asCamel hair and unkempt hair; in Eastern icons winged, and often holding his own severed head
StandingIn the East the greatest of the saints after Mary — his place on the iconostasis is fixed by rule
Understanding it — context, not catechism: how this passage is held

John is the hinge between the Old Testament and the New, and the gospels are visibly careful with him because he had his own movement and his own disciples, some of whom did not join the Christians. Josephus mentions his execution independently of the gospels, which makes him one of the best-attested figures in the story. Eastern Christianity gives him extraordinary honour: he is the Forerunner, he stands opposite the Virgin on every iconostasis in the deesis composition interceding for the world, and he has more feast days than any other saint. The winged icon type — a man with wings, sometimes holding a platter with his own head on it — comes from the prophecy about a messenger sent ahead, since the Greek word for messenger and angel is the same. The Mandaeans of Iraq and Iran, a separate religion entirely, also revere him, and reject Jesus, which makes them the only surviving group who kept the Baptist and not the one he baptised.

The same ground, other faiths

claims that share this one's ideas
S Shiva — destroyer and regenerator. Hinduism Meet them →
Ordination. Buddhism · rite Go deeper →
The soul is liberated by its own effort. Jainism · core tenet Go deeper →
M Moses — our teacher. Judaism Meet them →
Muhammad is the seal of the prophets. Islam · core tenet Go deeper →
Haumai is the disease; the five thieves are the symptoms. Sikhism · core tenet Go deeper →

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