Harmandir Sahib, Amritsar · Bernard Gagnon · CC BY-SA 4.0

Sikhism

Tradition·Founded 1499 CE·est. ~26 million worldwide

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B Figure of Sikhism

Bhagat Ravidas — the city with no sorrow.

A leatherworker of the caste that Banaras treated as untouchable, with forty-one hymns in the Guru Granth Sahib. One of them describes Begampura, a city with no tax, no rank and nobody in second place — read in Punjab now as the oldest Dalit utopia in writing.

Names & titlesBhagat Ravidas
DomainLeatherworker of Banaras — forty-one hymns in the scripture
RelationsOf the caste treated as untouchable; his own followers left the Panth in 2010 and took his verse with them
Depicted asWith awl and leather, working
StandingWrote Begampura — a city with no tax, no rank and no second class
Understanding it — context, not catechism: how this passage is held

Ravidas matters twice over. Theologically, a leatherworker of a caste whose touch was held to pollute is inside the scripture as a revealer, and his Begampura hymn describes a city with no tax, no rank, no property and no anxiety — a text now read across north India as the earliest Dalit political imagination. Socially, the relationship has broken. Dalit Sikhs, mostly of the Ravidasia and Mazhabi communities, have long maintained separate gurdwaras and in many Punjab villages separate cremation grounds. After the killing of Sant Ramanand in a Vienna gurdwara in 2009, the Dera Sachkhand Ballan declared Ravidassia a separate religion in 2010 and began installing its own scripture, the Amritbani Guru Ravidass, in place of the Guru Granth Sahib. That is the most serious schism in modern Sikhism, and it happened over caste — inside a tradition whose founding claim is that caste does not exist.

From the sources — the passages this rests on; concise renderings, cited

Begampura, the city without sorrow, is the name of the town: no suffering and no anxiety are there, no taxes and no property, no fear and no one in second place.

Bhagat Ravidas, Raag Gauri, Guru Granth Sahib Ang 345 (rendered)

Written by a leatherworker of an untouchable caste, and printed in the scripture as revelation.

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