Qur'an folio in gold Kufic, 9th c. · Cleveland Museum of Art · CC0

Islam

Tradition·Founded 610 CE·est. ~2 billion worldwide

Islam → 4 branches

Branch
T Figure of Islam

The Imams — and the one who did not die.

Twelver Shia count twelve, from Ali to Muhammad al-Mahdi, who entered occultation in the ninth century and is held to be alive and hidden. Ismailis broke away at the seventh and still have a living Imam, the Aga Khan. Zaydis take any qualified descendant who rises with a sword.

Names & titlesAli, Hasan, Husayn, Zayn al-Abidin, al-Baqir, al-Sadiq, al-Kazim, al-Rida, al-Jawad, al-Hadi, al-Askari, al-Mahdi
DomainInfallible guidance after prophecy closed
RelationsFather to son, the whole line out of Fatima
Depicted asNamed on banners; their tombs at Najaf, Karbala, Mashhad and Kazimayn are cities in their own right
StandingAn article of faith to Twelver Shia; to Sunnis, respected scholars of the Prophet's family and nothing more
Understanding it — context, not catechism: how this passage is held

The Imamate is not a Shia version of sainthood. Twelvers hold the Imams to be sinless, divinely instructed, and necessary — the earth is never without one — and the twelfth is held to be alive since 874, in ghayba, with the world awaiting his return alongside Isa. That belief has a very practical consequence: because the Imam is absent, someone must act for him, and the doctrine of wilayat al-faqih developed by Khomeini in the 1970s made that a claim to political rule. Many senior Shia jurists, including the quietist school associated with Najaf, reject it. The tombs of the Imams are among the largest religious complexes on earth: Imam Reza in Mashhad receives tens of millions of visitors a year. Sunnis honour all of these men — Ja'far al-Sadiq is a teacher in Abu Hanifa's and Malik's chains — while rejecting the theology built on them.

The same ground, other faiths

claims that share this one's ideas
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P Parshvanatha — the one before. Jainism Meet them →
The messianic age is still ahead. Judaism · core tenet Go deeper →
In Jesus, God became human. Christianity · core tenet Go deeper →
The Guru now lives in the book and the body. Sikhism · core tenet Go deeper →

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